Pseudomarimonas arenosa gen. nov., sp. nov. isolated from marine sand.

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped, bacterial strain (CAU 1598T) was isolated from marine sand. Strain CAU 1598T grew well at 30 °C, pH 6.5-7.0 and with 3 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogeny results based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that the identified strain had the highest similarity (94.3%) to Pseudoxanthomonas putridarboris, indicating that strain CAU 1598T belongs to the family Xanthomonadaceae. Further, the fatty acid profile of the strain was primarily composed of C16:0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (consisting of C16 : 1 ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH) and summed feature 9 (consisting of iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and/or C16 : 0 10-methyl), with ubiquinone-8 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The polar lipid profile included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphoglycolipid, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified lipid. The G+C content of the bacterial genome was 62.6 mol% and its 5.4 Mb length encompassed 144 contigs and 4236 protein-coding genes. These phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data indicate that CAU 1598T belongs to a new genus and species, for which the name Pseudomarimonas arenosa gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 1598T (=KCTC 82406T=MCCC 1K05673T).

Luteimonas deserti sp. nov., a novel strain isolated from desert soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, named SJ-16T, was isolated from desert soil collected in Inner Mongolia, northern PR China. Strain SJ-16T grew at pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum, pH 8.0-9.0), 4-40 °C (optimum, 30-35 °C) and in the presence of 0-8 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-2 %). The strain was negative for catalase and positive for oxidase. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJ-16T clustered with Luteimonas chenhongjianii 100111T and Luteimonas terrae THG-MD21T, and had 98.8, 98.6, 98.3 and <97.9 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strains L. chenhongjianii 100111T, L. terrae THG-MD21T, L. aestuarii B9T and all other type strains of the genus Luteimonas, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 9 (C16 : 0 10-methyl and/or iso-C17 : 1 ω9c). Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major polar lipids, and ubiquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.3 mol%. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values of strain SJ-16T to L. chenhongjianii 100111T, L. terrae THG-MD21T, L. rhizosphaerae 4-12T and L. aestuarii B9T were 36.9, 37.5, 24.0 and 21.1 %, and 80.9, 80.6, 80.7 and 76.3 %, respectively. Based on phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic results, strain SJ-16T represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas deserti is proposed. The type strain is SJ-16T (=CGMCC 1.17694T=KCTC 82207T).

Pseudoxanthomonas winnipegensis sp. nov., derived from human clinical materials and recovered from cystic fibrosis and other patient types in Canada, and emendation of Pseudoxanthomonas spadix Young et al. 2007.

Twelve isolates recovered from 10 cystic fibrosis/other patient types and a variety of clinical sources, were referred to Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory over 7 years. These were assignable to the genus Pseudoxanthomonas but were unidentifiable to species level. Patients included five males and five females from two geographically separated provinces, ranging in age from 2 months to 84 years. In contrast, most Pseudoxanthomonas species described to date have been derived from water, plants or contaminated soils. By 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the patient strains had ≥99.4 % similarity to each other but only 97.73-98.29 % to their closest relatives, Pseudoxanthomonas spadix or Pseudoxanthomonas helianthi. Bacteria were studied by whole genome sequencing using average nucleotide identity by Blastn, digital DNA-DNA hybridization, average amino acid identity, core genome and single nucleotide variant analyses, MALDI-TOF, biochemical and cellular fatty acid analyses, and by antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Bacterial structures were assessed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Strains were strict aerobes, yellowish-pigmented, oxidative, non-motile, Gram-stain-negative bacilli and generally unable to reduce nitrate. Strains were susceptible to most of the antibiotics tested; some resistance was observed towards carbapenems, several cephems and uniformly to nitrofurantoin. The single taxon group observed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing was supported by whole genome sequencing; genomes ranged in size from 4.36 to 4.73 Mb and had an average G+C content of 69.12 mol%. Based on this study we propose the name Pseudoxanthomonas winnipegensis sp. nov. for this cluster. Pseudoxanthomonas spadix DSM 18855T, acquired for this study, was found to be non-motile phenotypically and by electron microscopy; we therefore propose the emendation of Pseudoxanthomonas spadix Young et al. 2007 to document that observation.

Luteimonas gilva sp. nov., isolated from farmland soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterium, strain H23T, was isolated from farmland soil sampled in Enshi City, Hubei Province, PR China. The isolate grew optimally at 28-32 °C, pH 8.0 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses, strain H23T belonged to the genus Luteimonas with the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Luteimonas cucumeris Y4T (97.41 %). The DNA G+C content was 65.88 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator results also showed low relatedness (below 95 and 70 %, respectively) between strain H23T and type strains in the genus Luteimonas. Ubiquinone-8 was the predominant quinone. The major fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c. Polar lipids were dominated by diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids. Low digital DNA-DNA hybridization values, as well as physiological and biochemical differences, such as no casein hydrolysis, being catalase-negative, and tesing positive for cystine arylamidase, α-chymotrypsin and N-acetyl-ß-glucosaminidase, could distinguish strain H23T from its closely related species. Strain H23T is considered to represent a novel species in the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas gilva sp. nov. is proposed, with strain H23T (=CCTCC AB 2019255T=KCTC 72593T) as the type strain.

Luteimonas chenhongjianii, a novel species isolated from rectal contents of Tibetan Plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae).

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, bright-yellow-pigmented and rod-shaped bacteria (strains 100069 and 100111T) with a single polar flagellum were isolated from the rectal contents of plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Based on the results of nearly full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analyses, strains 100069 and 100111T belong to the genus Luteimonas, and are closest to Luteimonas rhizosphaerae 4-12T (98.02 % similarity), Luteimonas aestuarii B9T (97.8 %) and Luteimonas terrae THG-MD21T (97.74 %). The DNA G+C contents of these two isolates were 68.30 mol% and 68.29 mol%, respectively. The highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) value between strain 100111T and its closely related species was 83.34 %, well below the threshold of 95-96 %. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C11 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9. Polar lipid content was dominated by diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) was the predominant respiratory quinone. These two isolates grew optimally at 35-37 °C, pH 7.0-8.0 and with 1.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The results of ANI analysis and other characteristics obtained from our polyphasic study showed that strains 100069 and 100111T represent a novel species in genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas chenhongjianii sp. nov. (type strain 100111T=DSM 104077T=CGMCC 1.16429T) is proposed.

Vulcaniibacterium gelatinicum sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring.

The present study aimed to determine the taxonomic positions of strains designated R-5-52-3T, R-5-33-5-1-2, R-5-48-2 and R-5-51-4 isolated from hot spring water samples. Cells of these strains were Gram-stain-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped. The strains shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Vulcaniibacterium thermophilum KCTC 32020T (95.1%). Growth occurred at 28-55 °C, at pH 6-8 and with up to 3 % (w/v) NaCl. DNA fingerprinting, biochemical, phylogenetic and 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses suggested that R-5-52-3T, R-5-33-5-1-2, R-5-48-2 and R-5-51-4 were different strains but belonged to the same species. Hence, R-5-52-3T was chosen for further analysis and R-5-33-5-1-2, R-5-48-2 and R-5-51-4 were considered as additional strains of this species. R-5-52-3T possessed Q-8 as the only quinone and iso-C15:0, iso-C11:0, C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 as major fatty acids. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified polar lipids and two unidentified phospholipids. The genomic G+C content was 71.6 mol%. Heat shock proteins (e.g. Hsp20, GroEL, DnaK and Clp ATPases) were noted in the R-5-52-3T genome, which could suggest its protection in the hot spring environment. Pan-genome analysis showed the number of singleton gene clusters among Vulcaniibacterium members varied. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between R-5-52-3T, Vulcaniibacterium tengchongense YIM 77520T and V. thermophilum KCTC 32020T were 80.1-85.8 %, which were below the cut-off level (95-96 %) recommended as the ANI criterion for interspecies identity. Thus, based on the above results, strain R-5-52-3T represents a novel species of the genus Vulcaniibacterium, for which the name Vulcaniibacterium gelatinicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R-5-52-3T (=KCTC 72061T=CGMCC 1.16678T).

Arenimonas fontis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from Chukotka hot spring, Arctic region, Russia.

A moderately thermophilic, neutrophilic, aerobic, Gram-negative bacterium, strain 3729kT, was isolated from a thermal spring of the Chukotka Peninsula, Arctic region, Russia. It grew chemoorganoheterotrophically, utilizing proteinaceous substrates, including highly rigid keratins as well as various polysaccharides (glucomannan, locust bean gum, gum guar and xanthan gum). The major fatty acids of strain 3729kT were iso-C15 : 0 (60.9%), iso-C17 : 0 (12.0%), C16 : 0 (9.9%) and iso-C16 : 0 (7.4%). Isoprenoid quinones were Q-8 (95%) and Q-9 (5%). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and three unidentified polar lipids. Strain 3729kT was inhibited by chloramphenicol, neomycin, novobiocin, kanamycin, tetracycline, ampicillin and polymyxin B, but resistant to rifampicin, vancomycin and streptomycin. At the same time, strain 3729kT inhibited growth of Micrococcus luteus and its genome possessed genes for antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria (a single putative bacteriocin and several secreted lysozymes and peptidoglycan lytic transglycosylases). The DNA G+C content was 69.8 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis placed strain 3729kT into a distinct species/genus-level branch within the family Xanthomonadaceae (Proteobacteria). Phylogenetic analysis of 120 conservative protein sequences of all Xanthomonadaceae with validly published names and publicly available genomic sequences supported a species-level position of strain 3729kT within the genus Arenimonas. Pairwise ANI values between strain 3729kT and other Arenimonas species were of 75-80 %, supporting the proposal of a novel species. Accordingly, Arenimonas fontis sp. nov., with the type strain 3729kT (=VMK В-3232Т=DSM 105847T), was proposed.

Luteimonas cellulosilyticus sp. nov., Cellulose-Degrading Bacterium Isolated from Soil in Changguangxi National Wetland Park, China.

A Gram-negative, motile, aerobic, and rod-shaped strain (MIC 1.5T) was isolated from soil in Changguangxi national wetland park. Growth occurred at 20-45 °C, at pH 6.0-8.0, and at 0-4.0% NaCl. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MIC 1.5T was related to were identified as Luteimonas dalianensis CGMCC 1.12191T (95.3%), Luteimonas padinae DSM 101536T (94.5%), Luteimonas huabeiensis DSM 26429T (94.1%), and Luteimonas mephitis DSM 12574T (92.5%). The DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain MIC 1.5T , and these strains were well below 31%. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain MIC 1.5T was 66.3 mol%. Average nucleotide identity (ANI) and genome-to-genome distance (GGD) values between strain MIC 1.5T and L. dalianensis CGMCC 1.12191T were 65.39% and 29.52%, respectively. The quinone was identified as Q-8. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3OH, and iso-C17:0 3OH and summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH). Based on the phylogenetic, physiological, and chemotaxonomic results, strain MIC 1.5T represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas cellulosilyticus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIC 1.5T (= KACC 19469T = CCTCC AB 2017256T).

Aerosticca soli gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic gammaproteobacterium isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil.

An aerobic bacterium, designated strain Dysh456T, was isolated from a crude oil-contaminated soil. Cells of strain Dysh456T were rod-shaped, motile, and Gram-stain-negative. Strain Dysh456T grew at 13-48 °C and pH 4.3-7.9. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (42.5%), iso-C17:0 (15.3%) and summed feature 9 (iso-C17:1 ω9c/C16:0 10-methyl [13.7%]). Major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8. The genome of strain Dysh456T consists of a single circular chromosome of 2,874,969 bp in length with G + C content of 68.3%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain Dysh456T belongs to the family Rhodanobacteraceae, but none of the existing genera can accommodate this novel isolate. On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic, and genomic properties, strain Dysh456T (= NBRC 112897T = DSM 105662T) is proposed as the type strain representing a novel species of novel genus, for which the name Aerosticca soli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Pseudolysobacter antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from soil in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctica.

A novel strain, designated AQ6-296T, was isolated from a soil sample collected in Fildes Peninsula, Antarctic. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, non-endospore-forming, non-motile, strictly aerobic and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 4-28 °C (optimum, 20 °C) and at pH 6.0-7.0 (optimum, pH 7.0). NaCl was not obligatory for growth. Colonies were pale yellow after growth for 3 days at 20 °C on Reasoner's 2A agar. The strain was weakly positive for oxidase and the catalase test was negative. The only respiratory quinone was Q-8. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c) and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1ω9c and/or C16 : 010-methyl). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences (the highest similarity at 92.4 % to Lysobacter dokdonensis) indicated that strain AQ6-296T is within the family Xanthomonadaceae. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 58.6 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain AQ6-296T is considered to represent a novel genus and species in the family Xanthomonadaceae, for which the name Pseudolysobacter antarcticus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AQ6-296T (CCTCC AB 2016313T=KCTC 52744T).

Luteimonas lumbrici sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from wormcast.

A Gram-stain-negative, yellow-green bacterium, designated 1.1416T, was isolated from wormcast of Eisenia foetida. The strain was non-motile, rod-shaped, and grew optimally on NA medium at 30 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0 % (w/v) NaCl. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis, 1.1416T showed the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Luteimonas arsenica 26-35T (96.2 %), followed by Luteimonas lutimaris G3T (96.1 %). The respiratory quinone of 1.1416T was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8), and its major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0 (39.8 %), summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1 ω9c or C16 : 0 10-methyl) (18.6 %). The major polar lipids of 1.1416T were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and six unidentified phospholipids. The genomic DNA G+C content of 1.1416T was 71.0 mol%. According to the results of the phenotypic and chemotaxonomic phylogenetic analyses, strain 1.1416T represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas lumbrici sp. nov. is proposed, with strain 1.1416T (=KCTC 62979T=CCTCC AB 2018348T) as the type strain.

Arenimonas terrae sp. nov., isolated from orchard soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated R29T, was isolated from orchard soil in Hwasun, South Korea. Cells were non-motile rods with catalase and oxidase activities. Growth was observed at 15-40 °C (optimum, 30 °C) and pH 7.0-9.0. Ubiquinone-8 was identified as the predominant isoprenoid quinone. Major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, six phospholipids, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified polar lipids. Strain R29T contained iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 9 (comprising iso-C17 : 1 ω9c/10-methyl-C16 : 0) as major cellular fatty acids. The G+C content of the genomic DNA calculated from the whole-genome sequence was 69.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that R29T was most closely related to Arenimonas daejeonensis T7-07T and Arenimonas malthae CC-JY-1T with sequence similarities of 98.0 and 96.9 %, respectively The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values between R29T and the type strains of A. daejeonensis and A. malthae were 87.0 % and 31.6 % and 83.4 % and 26.1 %, respectively. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular features, strain R29T represents a novel species of the genus Arenimonas, for which the name Arenimonas terrae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R29T (=KACC 19896T=JCM 33216T).

Luteimonas yindakuii sp. nov. isolated from the leaves of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

Two strains (S-1072T and 1626) of Gram-stain-negative, oxidase- and catalase-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacteria with a single polar flagellum, were isolated from the leaves of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau of China. The cells grew optimally at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and with 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl on brain-heart infusion agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains S-1072T and 1626 belong to the genus Luteimonas, sharing the highest similarity with Luteimonas arsenica CCTCC AB 2014326T (97.0 %), Luteimonas terricola CGMCC 1.8985T (96.9 %) and Luteimonas aestuarii KCTC 22048T (96.6 %). The phylogenomic tree indicated that strains S-1072T and 1626 were most closely related to Luteimonas abyssi CGMCC 1.12611T. The biochemical characteristics revealed that strains S-1072T and 1626 could neither produce trypsin nor produce acid from d-glucose, N-acetylglucosamine and maltose, distinguishing them from four closest relatives. The DNA G+C contents of strains S-1072T and 1626 were 69.2 and 69.3 mol% respectively. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization values of our isolates with their four closely related species were below the 70 % threshold. The predominant menaquinone was Q-8 (98.7 %) and the major polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The major fatty acids (>10 %) were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and summed feature 9 (10-methyl C16 : 0 and/or iso-C17 : 1 ω9c). Based on the data obtained, strains S-1072T and 1626 should be classified as a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas yindakuii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S-1072T (=CGMCC 1.13927T=JCM 33487T).

Dyella amyloliquefaciens sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped and motile with single polar flagellum bacterial strain, designated DHC06T, was isolated from forest soil sampled at Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China. The strain grew at 4-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.5-8.0 (pH 6.0-7.5) and in the presence of 0-4.0 % (2.0 %, w/v) NaCl. In the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogram, strain DHC06T formed a clade with Dyella solisilvae DHG54T and Dyella terrae KACC 12748T within the genus of Dyella. Strain DHC06T had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 98.6, 98.3, 98.3 and 98.2 % to Dyella japonica DSM 16301T, Dyella terrae JS14-6T, Dyella soli KACC 12747T and Dyella solisilvae DHG54T, respectively. The distinctiveness of strain DHC06Tfrom all described Dyellaspecies was also supported by the results of phylogenomic analysis based on 92 single-copy gene sequences. The DDH values among strain DHC06T and closely related Dyella species were all lower than 70 %. Strain DHC06T contained Q-8 as the only respiratory quinone. Its main fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 1 ω9c and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω6c/C16 : 1 ω7c). The DNA G+C content of strain DHC06T was 64.6 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of phenotypic, 16S rRNA gene sequence and genomic analyses and chemotaxonomic data, strain DHC06T represents a novel species of the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyella amyloliquefaciens sp. nov. (type strain DHC06T=GDMCC 1.1186T=LMG 30090T) is proposed.

Thermomonas aquatica sp. nov., isolated from an industrial wastewater treatment plant.

A white-coloured, Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium (designated strain SY21T) was isolated from waste-activated sludge. Optimal growth occurred at 28 °C and pH 7.0. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SY21T exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.5-98.0 % to Thermomonas species and clustered with the type species of the genus Thermomonas. In strain SY21T, the predominant respiratory quinone was ubiquinone Q-8, and the cellular fatty acids consisted mainly of iso-C15 : 0, C16 : 0, iso-C11 : 0 3-OH, summed feature 3 and summed feature 9. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The genomic DNA G+C content was determined to be 67.9 mol% and the DNA-DNA relatedness between strain SY21T and the closest phylogenetically related strain, Thermomonas carbonis KCTC 42013T, was 35.0±0.1 %. Based on the distinct phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties, strain SY21T represents a novel species of the genus Thermomonas, for which the name Thermomonas aquatica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SY21T (=KCTC 62191T=NBRC 113114T).

Dyella dinghuensis sp. nov. and Dyella choica sp. nov., isolated from forest soil.

Two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strains, designated as DHOA06T and 4 M-K27T, were isolated from soil samples collected from the forest of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, PR China (112° 31' E 23° 10' N). Strains DHOA06T and 4 M-K27T grew at pH 4.5-7.0 (optimum, pH 5.0-6.0) and pH 4.5-6.5 (pH 6.0), respectively. Both strains grew at 12-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C) and NaCl levels up to 1.0 % (optimum 0 %, w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on both 16S rRNA gene sequences and the concatenated partial atpD, gyrB andlepA gene sequences showed that strains DHOA06T and 4 M-K27T formed two isolated clades with members of the genus Dyella, but they each occupied a distinctive position within the genus. Strains DHOA06T and 4 M-K27T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to Dyellacaseinilytica DHOB09T (98.7 %) and Dyellaacidisoli 4M-Z03T (98.8 %), respectively. DNA-DNA hybridization values of strains DHOA06T/DHOB09T and 4 M-K27T/4M-Z03T were 27.4±2.4 % and 38.8±1.0 %, respectively. Ubiquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone detected in both strains. Their major fatty acids consisted of iso-C15 : 0, iso-C16 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1ω9c, and strain DHOA06T had iso-C17 : 0 in addition. Their polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, one unidentified aminophospholipid, one unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified aminolipids, and strain DHOA06T had phosphatidylmethylethanolamine and one unidentified lipid in addition. The DNA G+C contents of strains DHOA06T and 4 M-K27T were 59.1 and 61.7 mol%, respectively. Based on the above results, we propose that strains DHOA06T and 4 M-K27T represent two novel species of the genus Dyella, namely Dyelladinghuensis sp. nov. (type strain DHOA06T = KCTC 52129T=NBRC 111978T) and Dyellachoica sp. nov. (type strain 4 M-K27T=GDMCC 1.1189T=LMG 30267T).

Pseudoxanthomonas composti sp. nov., isolated from compost.

A Gram-staining negative bacterium, designated as GSS15T, was isolated from compost in Guangzhou, China. Cells of strain GSS15T were rod-shaped and non-motile. The isolate was able to grow at 15-42 °C (optimum 30 °C) and pH 6.0-11.0 (optimum pH 8.0), and tolerate up to 6.0% NaCl (w/v). When the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate was compared with those of other bacteria, the highest similarity was observed with Pseudoxanthomonas helianthi roo10T (96.9%). Furthermore, strain GSS15T showed low ANI (75.7-79.5%) and DDH (24.2-18.3%) values to the closely related species. Q-8 was the predominant respiratory quinone. The major cellular fatty acids ( > 5%) were iso-C15:0 (18.7%), C16:1ω7c (18.6%), anteiso-C15:0 (13.2%), C16:0 (9.8%), and iso-C16:0 (8.8%). The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol. Based on its phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic data, strain GSS15T (= KCTC 52974T = MCCC 1K03334T) is designated as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Pseudoxanthomonas, for which the name Pseudoxanthomonas composti sp. nov. is proposed.

Dyella solisilvae sp. nov., isolated from mixed pine and broad-leaved forest soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, motile, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped with a single polar flagellum bacterial strain, designated strain DHG54T, was isolated from a forest soil sample of Dinghushan Biosphere Reserve, Guangdong Province, China. Strain DHG54T grew at 12-37 °C (optimum, 28 °C), pH 4.5-8.0 (optimum, pH 6.0-7.0) and in the presence of 0-3.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1.5 %, w/v). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain DHG54T formed a clade with the members of the genus Dyella and showed highest sequence similarities of 98.2 % to Dyella japonica DSM 16301T and Dyella terrae KACC 12748T. This was also supported by phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated partial gyrB, lepA and recA housekeeping gene sequences. DNA-DNA hybridization results between strain DHG54T and closely related Dyella species were all lower than 70 %. Ubiquinone-8 was the only respiratory quinone, and iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 and iso-C17 : 1 ω9c were major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content of strain DHG54T was 65.4 mol%. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. On the basis of the polyphasic characterization results presented here, strain DHG54T represents a novel species of the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyellasolisilvae sp. nov. (type strain DHG54T=GDMCC 1.1187T = LMG 30091T) is proposed.

Dyella tabacisoli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from an arable soil sample of Nicotiana tabacum L.

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain L4-6T, was isolated from an arable soil sample of tobacco in Huize, south-western China and subjected to polyphasic taxonomic characterization. The cells showed oxidase-positive and catalase-positive reactions. Growth occurred at 20-35 °C, at pH 5.0-8.0 and with 0-2 % (w/v) NaCl, optimally at 30 °C, pH 6.0-7.0 and 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8. The predominant cellular fatty acids (>10.0 %) were identified as summed feature 9 (iso-C17 : 1ω9c or C16 : 0 10-methyl), iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0. The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and five unidentified aminolipids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 60.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain L4-6T should be affiliated to the genus Dyella and formed a clade with the most closely related organism Dyella soli JS12-10T. 16S rRNA gene sequences similarity analysis showed that strain L4-6T was mostly closely related to D. soli JS12-10T (98.73 %) and Dyella lipolytica DHOB07T (98.02 %). DNA-DNA hybridization data indicated that strain L4-6T represented a novel genomic species belonging to the genus Dyella. The polyphasic taxonomic characteristics indicated that the strain L4-6T represents a novel species of the genus Dyella, for which the name Dyellatabacisoli sp. nov. (type strain L4-6T=CGMCC 1.16273T=KCTC 62035T) is proposed.

Nevskia lacus sp. nov., a gammaproteobacterium isolated from a eutrophic lake.

A novel Gram-stain negative, rod-shaped and motile bacterial strain, designated strain Seoho-38T, was isolated from a eutrophic lake in South Korea. Polyphasic taxonomic studies were performed to investigate the taxonomic position of the new isolate. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Seoho-38T formed a distinct cluster with Nevskia ramosa Soe1T, Nevskia persephonica G6M-30T, Nevskia soli GR15-1T, Nevskia terrae KIS13-15T and Nevskia aquatilis F2-63T with bootstrap resampling value of 100%. Of those Nevskia strains, the new isolate shows high sequence similarity with N. ramosa Soe1T (98.7%) and N. persephonica G6M-30T (97.2%), and values lower than 96.5% with the other type strains. The new isolate was observed to grow aerobically in 0-1.5% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0%), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum pH 7.0) and temperature 15-36 °C (optimum 20-30 °C) on R2A medium. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain Seoho-38T and the type strains of reference species in the genus Nevskia were < 24%. The genomic DNA G + C content was determined to be 67.4 mol%. Ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) (95%) and ubiquinone-7 (Q-7) (5%) were identified as the respiratory quinones. The cellular polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, a phosphoaminolipid, two glycolipids, an aminolipid and four unidentified lipids. The major fatty acid components were found to include summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c), summed feature 8 (C18:0ω7c and/or C18:0ω6c), C16:0 and C14:0. Based on the above polyphasic evidence, strain Seoho-38T (= KCTC 52221T = JCM 31888T) represents a new species of the genus Nevskia, for which the name Nevskia lacus sp. nov. is proposed.